Engraving Machine&Milling Machine

Engraving Machine &Milling Machine -About Engraving Machine and Milling Machine :

Milling Machine (CNC engraving and milling machine) is a numerical control machine tools. Generally believed that the use of a small engraving and milling machine tools, high-power and high-speed CNC milling machine spindle motor. Engraving and milling machine only be engraved, but also milling is an efficient high-precision CNC machine tools.

CNC engraving and milling machines and engraving machine, machining center (computer gong) in the appearance of the structure are very similar.

Engraving machine: it highly suitable for small tool spindle speed of processing, torque is relatively small, focusing on the "carving" feature, such as wood (specially processed wood called wood machine), color plates, acrylic plates and other hardness high plate, not suitable for strong cutting large workpieces. Most currently available products under the banner name engraving machine is mainly for the processing craft, low cost, because accuracy is not high, not for mold development; but there are exceptions such as chip carving machine.

CNC engraving and milling machine can be carved, but also milling. CNC engraving and milling machine on the basis of the engraving machine to increase the spindle, servo motor power, endurance bed, while maintaining the spindle speed, more importantly, high precision. Also to high-speed engraving and milling machine development, commonly known as high-speed machine, cutting more capable, very high precision, but also can process the material hardness of HRC60 or more, a molding.

From the mechanical structure in terms of: machining centers generally cantilevered, engraving and milling machines and engraving machines are usually used gantry structure, divided into pillars of gantry-style and fixed beam, engraving and milling machine to set the current beam majority.

Data from the indicators in terms of: maximum spindle speed (r / min): processing center 8000; engraving and milling machine is the most common 30000, high-speed machines are higher than 30000; engraving machine engraving and milling machine with the same general for the high light treatment of the engraving machine can 80,000, but is not generally used but the air-spindle motor spindle.

 Speed: As engraving and milling machines and engraving machines are more compact, their speed and feed rate faster than the processing center, in particular, high-speed machine with linear motor speed up to 120m/min.

From the size in terms of processing: Table size of this response can be better. Domestic processing centers (computer gong) the smallest table size (in mm, the same below) in 830 * 500 (850 machines); engraving and milling machine table of the largest area of ​​700 * 620 (750 machines), the minimum is 450 * 450 (400 machines); engraving machine usually does not exceed 450 * 450, the common 45 * 270 (250 machines).

From the application object in terms of: machining center for milling large amount of parts to complete the processing equipment, large-scale mold, material hardness, but also for ordinary coarse open mold; engraving and milling machine used to complete the small amount of milling, small mold finishing for copper workers, graphite and other processing; low-end machine is biased in favor of carving wood, color plates, acrylic plates of sheet metal processing high hardness, suitable for high-end chips, such as metal polishing.

Identify the range of view processing: machining centers, non-metal engraving and milling machine can do can do metal, or even engage in the hardness of the mold can be done, engraving machine can only do ordinary acrylic products and non-metallic products, usually directly supplies, such as arts and crafts, and circuit boards.

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Sùdù: Yóuyú diāo xǐ jī hé diāokè jī dōu bǐjiào qīngqiǎo, tāmen de yídòng sùdù hé jìn gěi sùdù bǐ jiāgōng zhōngxīn yào kuài, tèbié shì pèibèi zhíxiàn diànjī de gāosù jī yídòng sùdù zuìgāo dádào 120m/min

Chinese to English translation

 

Multi Tool-Study on Multi Tool

1 Multi Tool - to determine the structure of
The structure is a multi-function turning on the structure of pressure-Cutter improved on the basis of it to solve the original pressure-type cutter blade on the cutting force and clamping of the cutting knife by the shortcomings. It consists of the tool body, multi-function turning blade, plate, screws and other components, such as a single V-groove positioning, such positioning can withstand higher radial force, but less able to withstand the axial force, and the other species is the double V-groove positioning, radial, axial force capabilities are strong.
Multi Tool with a double V-groove positioning, small size and because the blade, the blade to increase the contact area with the blades, the blade of the upper and lower sides are using the arc-type, such as the Israeli ISCAR's P-type , F-type blade, Sweden SANDVIK's T-, U-shaped blade. The common feature of these groove edge of the blade higher than the inside, so that narrows chip thickening, can not scrape the machined surface, in order to ensure the accuracy of the machined surface.
3 Multi-Tool - Use
In many multi-turning tool was tested on the workpiece, is to process steam and gas seal piston ring seal for example, to illustrate their cutting, the data listed in Table 1. Table 1 Name of material diametermm cylindrical carvcm / min fmm / r apmmGland ring 15CrMoA-Ⅱ 482 165 0.42 2Gas seal piston 2Cr12NiMoWV-Ⅱ 200 131 0.4 1In the grooving and cutting, because cutting light, doubling the cutting speed than the original surface roughness up to Ra3.2 more.Depending on the processing of materials, the surface of each blade can be TiC, TiN, Al2O3, and TiC-TiN composite coating, the blade in the hardness, wear resistance and wear resistance and other aspects are improved, so that multi-turning tool wider range of applications, it can be applied not only difficult to machine materials, can also be intermittent cutting, eating knife under adverse conditions such as depth of the uneven application.
4 Multi-Tool - Benefits
Multi Tool successfully achieved multi-purpose knife, a knife can replace the ordinary turning 3 to 4, saving setup time and increase productivity.As a result of advanced groove, to solve the existing conventional cutting knife folder crumbs serious, difficult issues such as chip removal, the surface roughness up to Ra3.2 above, improved tool durability.Compared with ordinary cutting knife, which exists dress clip, reliable, easy blade replacement feature.As the multi-turning tool body small, small blade, so it applies to some small pieces of processing and small machine tools, with some limitations, and not a lot of cutting in the horizontal feed, the problem has yet to be resolved.

Flexible Manufacturing Technology

Flexible Manufacturing Technology-about Flexible Manufacturing Technology:

Introduction of flexible manufacturing technologies:

Of the manufacturing system consists of the following components:

1, the processing subsystem, which is the basic manufacturing unit of FMS by the CNC machine, FMC and tools, generally CNC machine tools required to install an automatic pallet changer (APC).

2, material handling subsystem, including automated warehouse, central tool library, no transport car, conveyor and handling robots. Automated warehouse, including warehouse and warehouse plane. Automatic handling of materials that no one can use the car transport, handling robots or conveyors. No one can rail transport car, you can not track. Handling robot can automatically be on the cutting operation of the turning centers of FMS is often suspended by the robot as a material handling tool. For one-way flow of logistics FMS, can be used as material handling conveyor systems. Pallet and the accompanying table systems, transmission parts for clamping and positioning of the carrier.

3, the operation control subsystem, which receives the main computer from the factory or workshop instruction and monitoring the implementation of the FMS to achieve higher cell layer (plant or other) and lower (station level) and internal communications to pass, for each standard manufacturing unit of CNC machine tools or exercise control over the processing of fixtures and tools such as centralized management and control, coordination between the various control actions. In addition, the subsystem must achieve unit level troubleshooting information flow and processing, real-time dynamic monitoring of system status changes.

4, the tool subsystem, involving tool ordering, planning, preparation, storage and management. Including tool room storage equipment, instrument on the knife, tool handling devices, cutting tools and tool assembly device control and management computer subsystems.

5, the quality inspection and control subsystem, on-line and off-line quality inspection and monitoring. Generally include coordinate measuring machines, measuring robots.

Stainless Steel Turning

Stainless Steel Turning-About Stainless Steel Turning:

The latest material and turning inserts for steel turning chipbreakers provide higher capacity in the industry widely used stainless steel for the tool industry, presented a huge challenge, turning in the development of new materials and chip-breaking groove blade must consider them machinability. A group in the chemical, food, paper and pulp industry in the corrosive environment to provide a long service life quite easy to cut the stainless steel materials are increasingly used. These materials usually provide good corrosion resistance of chromium-based iron or carbon steel. Other groups with different proportion of chromium and nickel in stainless steel material with high tensile strength but also the need for corrosion-resistant aerospace industry. They range from the difficulty of processing such as low-nickel alloys to high-temperature alloys are difficult to process.

Although the processing of stainless steel upper and lower large, they are very sticky, sticky back on the cutting tool produces chips, BUE and the resulting coated particles and even the Ministry of coating and the substrate with the particles 'pull out' other potential the problem. However, the major cutting tool companies have been in line for today's latest core design of carbide and chip-breaker consider these failure modes, and by extension to provide turning blades. Now cut to a medium for mass production and easy processing of difficult economic range of stainless steel is easy to get good solutions.
Stainless Steel Turning-According toughness carbide
Seco Tools is targeted at a wide range of processing conditions and applications, including near-final shape and stainless steel, designed to improve performance in the core of turning the new series of complete material cutting tool suppliers. In Carbide, the company completely restructuring its high mountains and their processing for general purpose and heavy rough TP300 TP200 turning the core material and the underlying substrate to provide better adhesion between the coating and toughness better cutting edge. There are two kinds of material cobalt-rich region in the substrate is coated by the titanium carbonitride TiCN, Al2O3 and aluminum titanium nitride TiN composite coating.
Fixed according to product manager Carboloy Bob Goulding, after the reorganization of the material to provide improved processing of stainless steel for important features. They contain can effectively resist the pull of the toughness of a good anti-stick coating and better BUE debris and smooth the top surface hard coating.
Goulding said that through the coating deposition process - the temperature chemical vapor deposition coating at lower temperatures and good progress has been smooth coating toughness, leading to long life. He explained, 'the warm thick CVD coating process to retain all of the hardness and wear resistance, toughness gave you a better and more smooth coating to minimize cracking. '
Although general and heavy rough material containing both good toughness have cobalt-rich region of the matrix, the matrix toughness and wear resistance of the coating ratio is different. According to Goulding, TP200 coating material at high cutting speeds to provide superior wear resistance, and toughness of the matrix material TP300 better, so at a lower speed when processing high-strength stainless steel capacity. 'Our heavy rough texture of the matrix toughness are particularly good, with thick MTCVD coating, making the cutting edge of your hard and good toughness,' Goulding said. 'You get cutting edge grooves with outstanding wear resistance and effective wear resistance. 'Based on these characteristics, Goulding recommended for general purpose material TP200 ferritic stainless steel easy to cut the high-speed cutting, and TP300 difficult to process materials for medium-high-strength stainless alloys of low-speed applications.
Stainless Steel Turning-Chip-breaker design solutions
According to Goulding, for stainless steel machining chip breaking trough the correct model will have high mountains and the company after the reorganization of the core 'M3' groove cutting for light to medium load. Steel finish can be used for this trough and after the reorganization of the core 'MF2' trough designed to change negative chamfer width and angle to provide a small depth of cut, including high feed a wide range of applications in the effective required for chip breaking cutting edge strength. Increase cutting edge strength at high feed, helped to shape the application of stainless steel and close to the final cut deep grooves to control wear.
Throughout their range of applications, the new groove design also provides better tool life. A contributing factor is the positive cut angle, it promotes freer cutting and reduce chip temperature. Another is the chip control point of view, it is strategically placed on the tip of the 'bulge part of the' chip-breaker instead of a hard platform to control the chip required for chip breaking curling. Direct pressure of the chip and the blade will help to uplift the exposure limit to a mere two points: cut corners and cut out the corner uplift themselves. As a result, the heat transfer to the blade and the cutting force reduced, improving tool life. Contact point between the two is quite wide, so any carbide by the chip and rake surface chemical reaction with diffusion wear will not grow and cause early failure of the blade.
Goulding pointed out that several of these design features can clearly improve the use of light to the processing of stainless steel trough containing M3 performance. For example, the chip to reduce the contact point to help reduce the sticky crumbs, and are cut into the angle of the welding material reduction in stress or in the chip-breaker BUE, to prevent possible coating and carbide materials 'pull'. In addition, the cut angle is to reduce the surface hardening of help, especially for multiple return of stainless steel processing. One consequence of this hardening is cut deep grooves wear, but when the chip-breaker in M3 as from the beginning of the cutting edge tip strength and therefore minimal impact.

Diamond Tools

Diamond Tools-About Diamond Tools:

Diamond tools and wear-resistant materials in non-ferrous metal processing applications, has excellent adaptability. In the tool material, diamond is the hardest. In a suitable processing conditions, the diamond than high-speed steel, carbide, ceramics and polycrystalline cubic boron nitride are life long. It also has shortcomings, is generally not apply to the processing of ferrous metal materials. But in high-speed mass production, processing, and other materials such as aluminum and graphite, diamond is often the most effective tool.

In the use of diamond tools, users have two options: one is polycrystalline diamond PCD, the other is relatively new chemical vapor deposition CVD diamond.

Diamond Tools-PCD diamond;

Polycrystalline diamond has a natural diamond hardness, strength and abrasion resistance, but did not damage the sensitivity of natural diamond. It is at a high temperature, high pressure, by the polymerization of synthetic diamond particles. In the process, the formation of polycrystalline particles simultaneously bonded to a cemented carbide whole body to improve mechanical strength and impact resistance.
In accordance with GE's super abrasive to the Ministry of, PCD is very suitable for high speed cutting of aluminum, in particular, is required to achieve a good rough surface for the main occasions, it is in the processing of high wear resistance materials, also showed excellent performance. Typically, PCD recommended for cutting high silicon aluminum alloy, but also for brass, copper, bronze and carbon processing. The procedures include the use of cars, boring, profiling, grooving, milling and hole processing.

As the chemical reaction between the diamond and iron, in general PCD does not apply to processing ferrous metal materials. But it can deal with double the processing of metal materials, including aluminum and cast iron combination included. For example: a car parts supplier in the processing of aluminum and cast iron dual metal cylinder, use the knife clamp 305mm diameter face milling cutter, the tip arc 2.36mm, with repair knife, cutting speed 304.8m/min, feed 0.10 mm / tooth, depth of cut 5mm, processing up to 5000 cylinder body, the blade need only be shifted again.

GE's manager of planning applications that the application of PCD, by mass production industry, mainly in the automotive industry increasing aluminum processing speed boost. At the same time, automobile manufacturers to reduce weight and reduce costs, is on the use of metal matrix composites evaluated, and such materials should be used to process PCD. He said: "These materials can not be used carbide cutting tools."

Polycrystalline product manager, said, despite the achievements of the development of PCD gives a very deep impression, but the Ministry of GE Super abrasives are still continuing to work in order to further improve its abrasion resistance.

PCD tools and productivity applications, have many benefits for the process. Although diamond is the hardest materials available, and its material properties and toughness of other issues still need further study. PCD to improve the toughness of a factor, plus cobalt to enter the random alignment between the diamond grains. In addition, the diamond abrasive carbide substrate layer can also play a role in mechanical support, thereby increasing the impact resistance, and tools to facilitate the manufacture of brazing.

Another benefit of PCD is that the various grades of existing series have been used to meet the needs of any non-ferrous metal processing. In general, fine particles of diamond for low wear resistance of materials to be machined surface roughness is very high and the occasion; diamond particles in general as the general machining grades; coarse diamond for roughing the special anti-wear materials, but the surface roughness of less demanding place.
Diamond Tools-CVD diamond:
Chemical vapor deposition CVD diamond, is a high wear resistance of pure diamond material, non-adhesive. Diamond deposition is divided into two forms: one is the thick-film diamond deposition as a whole, separate sheets, then cut to desired size; the other is the thin-film diamond deposition in the carbide blade or rotary cutter on.


So far, CVD diamond is the most promising applications processed graphite. However, Norton Diamond Film Company was being sold for various uses CVD diamond for processing non-ferrous metals, plastics and composite materials. Norton's manager that the application of technology, CVD diamond is suitable for almost all non-ferrous metals. In the intermittent cutting high silicon aluminum alloy and pre-sintered carbide, brass, copper and carbon fiber materials, processing, good results are achieved. Norton has also believe: CVD diamond in the processing of a wide range of aluminum and other materials, including 6061, when, and PCD can be matched.Norton's application technology manager also believes that, CVD diamond and PCD compared to the major advantage of cutting edge quality. Although CVD is also polycrystalline, but it does not contain cobalt binder, is a pure diamond, so the cutting edge is continuous. This would use a higher cutting speed and get a better surface roughness, because the tool is not easy to get hot. He also firmly believes that BUE is not a problem of CVD diamond.

By Norton Company information, CVD diamond's thermal conductivity 50% higher than the PCD. The reason is that CVD diamond blade as a whole, the heat can be immediately derived. The PCD inserts to heat conduction through the Co - diamond complex, the thermal conductivity of the fan.
CVD diamond also has a low coefficient of friction. Carbide and PCD are bonded workpiece material, CVD diamond is non-stick. At the same time, low coefficient of friction also make the CVD diamond cutting tools can withstand a greater load, so that the cutting faster and more efficiently.
Presented in the use of CVD diamond thermal stability and chemical stability. The PCD and carbide in this respect by the impact of binder with metal components. Into hydrochloric acid in the CVD diamond, nothing will happen. However, if the PCD diamond into them, acid will eat the cobalt binder. This means that CVD diamond can withstand some of the materials generated in the processing of acid attack, such as phenolic resins, rubber, urine, abdominal, lower carbonate and so on.
Although all forms of diamond, including PCD at high temperature to be super alloys and ferrous metals or elements in some of the chemical reaction, but we all know, for most materials, the diamond is still chemically inert. PCD and carbide with cobalt binder because the cutting temperature will occur when high chemical stability reduce the phenomenon. CVD diamond without bond, to avoid this phenomenon. In addition, CVD diamond as well as good lubricity and thermal conductivity, it has a high-speed and dry cutting using the key advantage.

Sewing machine

Sewing machine-About Sewing machine:

In the sewing machine manufacturing, enterprises are using alloy cutting tools for the job, the advantage of easy to wear, more stable size, processing speed, is the processing center and special machine an ideal tool used more.

How can we improve the tool life of it? Here we introduce some effective way. Our welding blade, the weld is generally placed in the air after cooling, insulation is not the tool for cooling, which would speed up the phenomenon of thermal expansion and contraction tool, the tool produces fission of soft tissue, the structure is not close, there are numerous small cracks and other tools, this is the tool does not lead to durable, easy to wear and tear of the main blade.

We all know that the tool is in the process can not be used coolant, so easily lead to methods of operation increased blade cracking, and this phenomenon can not see the eyes alone. The temperature in the welding tool should be above 1000 ℃, if suddenly cooled in the air, which is faster but the cold heat faster tool processing operations process (cutting tool in the processing operations in the heat of about 400 ℃ -500 ℃) suddenly increases coolant for cooling the truth is the same, easily lead to the powder structure of the tool becomes unstable.

Blade is made of metal alloy powder composed of over 100 tons of press by pressing and then sintered at high temperature. This is our common stone on top after long-term wind and rain, sun Ye Lu, the large stone into small stones, but also numerous loose "weathering" process, so too alloy blade is very fragile, but also because of this principle.

Tool for thermal processing in the application of industrial furnace conditions, the welding tool immediately placed in a good furnace (furnace temperature should not be less than 600 ℃) with the furnace temperature slowly cooling down; no conditions available lime thermal cooling, the welding tool immediately buried in a good lime slowly cooling, heat 6 hours.

Green Machine

Green Machine-what is a green machine?

Machine tools in use not only energy consumption, there will be a solid, liquid and gas waste, the work environment and the natural environment directly or indirectly caused by pollution. From the entire life cycle of the machine look, how to reduce the environmental impact of the green machine has become a research focus. Green machine should have the following characteristics:

1) The main machine components made ​​of recycled materials.

2) the machine's weight and size reduction of 50% or more.

3) by reducing the moving mass, reduced empty running power and other measures to reduce the power consumption of 30 to 40%.

4) the process of using a variety of waste reduced by 50 to 60%, to ensure no contamination of the basic work environment.

5) After the machine scrap material 100% recyclable.

2.1 weight saving

According to statistics, machine tool, the process used to remove metal only about 25% power, a variety of loss accounts for most. Green machine first measure is a significant reduction in machine weight and reduce the power required to build eco-efficient machine (Eco-efficient Machine). Green machine presents a new concept: a substantial reduction of the weight of the machine, saving materials; while reducing energy consumption when using the machine.

Traditional machine design philosophy is "just enough stiffness to ensure accuracy, improve the stiffness must increase the weight of the machine." Thus, 80% of the weight of the existing machine tools for the "guarantee" the stiffness of the machine, while only 20% to meet the needs of machine tool kinematics. So plenty of room for optimization of machine tool structure. To achieve this goal is through the use of new structures and new materials are two aspects.

2.2 MQL reduction
Machine using the process of lubricating coolant is harmful emissions, particularly when used in emulsion grinding on the environment and health of workers are very harmful. Therefore, the substantial reduction in coolant use and emissions are the basic characteristics of green machine. Way to achieve this goal the following two aspects:
1) dry cutting without using coolant. Need to have sufficient machine rigidity and sharp knives, only relatively simple processing of certain shapes milling and turning operations.
2) micro-lubrication (MQL). MQL broader scope of application can be used for a variety of processing methods, but it requires special equipment to provide aerosol or cold air (cold air), and specialized lubricants.
2.3 tool efficiency
The productivity of the machine to tip on. The use of advanced tools, choose the right tool geometry and cutting parameters, machining can significantly improve efficiency and reduce the power required cutting process, extend tool life, so as to achieve with less resource consumption for a larger output purposes.
2.4 and then added
Metal cutting chip is the main tool used in the process of solid waste. The traditional method is to sell it as scrap to the recycling units, waste recycling into the community. Jiangsu Province, Yang Li Group in the house each year thousands of tons of scrap iron and steel scrap after sorting, briquetting, ingredients, melting of high quality ductile iron casting, turning waste into wealth, the press made such as the crankshaft and other key parts.
3 smart machining systems
If the green machine vision is environmentally friendly, then the goal of intelligent machines is user-friendly. "User friendly" meaning that significantly improve work efficiency and more comfort and safety. This requires the machine to self-manage their own, can automatically identify the processing task and processing status, with little or no need for manual intervention, and timely communication with the operator, are "smart" up, open up a new era of CNC machine tools.
Machine in the process will inevitably produce a variety of errors, we need a modern monitoring and compensation techniques to further improve machine performance and communication capabilities. In 2005, the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology that "smart processing system" (Smart Machining System) research program.
Intelligent processing system of the five objectives are:
1) dynamic optimization system. Related processes and equipment will be integrated after the model of knowledge, the system dynamic performance optimization.
2) characteristics of the device. Development characteristics of the measurement methods, models and standards, and in the running state of the machine performance measurement and communications.
3) using the next generation of numerical control system. And STEP-NC compliant interfaces and data formats, so that the machine control based on the CAD model can be run seamlessly.
4) condition monitoring and reliability, development of measurement, sensing and analysis.
5) In the process tool wear and workpiece directly measure the accuracy of the method.
The essence of intelligent processing systems, intelligent manufacturing systems and networking.
3.1 advanced process control system
Advanced Process Systems (Advanced Process System) to monitor the content of the work spindle status. Because CNC machine spindle is the heart of the state is directly related to its processing accuracy and processing efficiency. The principle is the spindle front bearing housing in the vicinity of the acceleration sensor is installed so that the vibration of the milling process can produce acceleration "g loading" value in the form of display.
Intelligent Temperature Control System 3.2
Thermal deformation of machine tools are the main factors affecting the accuracy of processing. Thermal deformation of many factors, mainly from the machine tool and machine working environment within the heat-affected:
1) environmental impact. Such as plant and the temperature distribution and temperature of air convection; sunlight, heating and other heat sources close to the impact of machine tools; and heat transfer from the machine base.
2) the impact of the internal machine. Machine components such as heat (bearings, screws, rails, motors, gears, hydraulic systems, etc.), the heat generated by the cutting process of heating and cooling systems.
The heat affected the structure of the machine is a complex heat input, and over time it changes the working state machine is unpredictable, and ultimately resulting in the size of the thermal deformation of machine tools and machine parts also depends on the thermal properties of structural materials that the thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity and thermal capacity of the machine design, that is part shape, quality and distribution of heat.
4. E-machine
In the high-speed machining of complex three-dimensional contours, we often encounter how to optimize the three interrelated values: speed, accuracy and surface finish. For example, when the rough mold, it should first consider the speed; in finishing small precision electrodes, the accuracy has become the most important; and in the finishing mold, but it is the pursuit of the surface finish. How different circumstances, the rational allocation and performance optimization tools to achieve the goal, is a complex issue. Because it involves hundreds of CNC parameters, such as motion control algorithm, servo-loop gain, feed-forward, smoothing filters.

What is a CNC machine?

What is a CNC machine?

CNC machine history:

The late 1940s, the United States began to study the CNC machine tools in 1952, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (mit) servo laboratory successfully developed the first CNC milling machine, and put into use in 1957. This is a manufacturing technology development process of a major breakthrough in the field of manufacturing CNC machining marks the beginning of the era. CNC machining is the foundation of modern manufacturing technology, this invention for the manufacturing industry, has great significance and far-reaching impact. The world's major industrial countries attach great importance to CNC machining technology research and development. China started to develop in 1958, CNC machine tools, successful trial with a sub-control CNC CNC machine tools, mass production began in 1965 with a transistor coordinate CNC milling machine CNC system. After decades of development, CNC machine tools and computer control has been implemented widely used in industry, in the mold manufacturing industry has been particularly popular.

For turning, milling, grinding, drilling and planing and other metal cutting and EDM processing, laser processing, special processing needs, develop a variety of categories of CNC machine tools. Wide range of CNC machine tools, CNC machine tools will generally be divided into 16 categories:
1 CNC lathe (turning center with milling capability)2 CNC milling machine (including milling center)3 bed CNC Keng4 in order to cut milling process-based processing center.5 CNC grinding machine (including grinding center)6 CNC drilling (including drilling center)7 CNC broaching machine8 CNC planer9 CNC cutting machine tools10 CNC gear cutting machinesCNC laser processing machine 1112 CNC WEDM13 CNC EDM machine tools (including electronic processing center)14 villages forming machine tool numerical control board15 metal forming machine tools CNC tube16 other CNC machine tools

Mold used CNC machine tools: CNC milling, CNC EDM machine, CNC WEDM, CNC grinding and CNC lathes.

CNC machine tools usually control systems, servo systems, detection systems, mechanical transmission and other auxiliary system components.

    Control system for CNC machine tool operation, management and control, through the media to get the input data, the interpretation of these data and computing and machine tools to be effective; servo control system according to the order-driven machine tools, cutting tools and parts to implement the provisions of NC code movement; detection system is used to detect the machine perform pieces (tables, rotary, slide, etc.) of the displacement and velocity variation, and test results back to the input, and input commands to compare, adjust the machine motion based on the difference ; machine tool feed servo drive system is driven by the component to perform pieces between the machine tool feed drive; a wide range of auxiliary systems, such as: canned cycle (can be a variety of repeated processing), automatic tool change (exchangeable specified tool), mechanical transmission gear backlash compensation compensation gap generated error) and so on.

How to select measuring machine materials

How to select measuring machine materials?

Measuring machine with other precision measuring instruments, their use of materials and there is no absolute good or bad. Only by fully understanding the use of environment measuring machine, measuring the efficiency requirements and the physical properties of various materials, combined with excellent design and measurement systems design in order to carry out the choice of materials science and physical properties of materials to give full play to meet measurement requirements.

First, select the relevant materials with the measuring machine parameters:

1 Temperature characteristics:

As a high-precision measuring machine measuring devices in order to maintain its ongoing accuracy, the need for the installation environment for the appropriate response to temperature changes or compensation, which constitute the main components of the measuring machine temperature characteristics of the material becomes a items are very important indicators.

Assessment of the temperature characteristics of materials, we mainly from the thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient / thermal conductivity of the three main parameters for analysis.

* For general-purpose measuring machine, the machine requires relatively relaxed conditions to maintain a high temperature accuracy (plus or minus 2 degrees in the basic requirements, but many machines can work in a wider temperature environment). In this case, often uneven temperature changes and the impact (through the local and cumulative deformation) than the material impact of uniform expansion. Thermal expansion coefficient of expansion can be caused by simple temperature compensation technology is effectively compensated, but the accumulation of material deformation and partial compensation is very difficult and difficult to accurately compensated. So the universal measuring machine, to ensure expansion coefficient / thermal conductivity than the premise, it should be more focused on the thermal conductivity, combined with the back we have to discuss the operational characteristics and process characteristics, aluminum is the industry's best economic use the best materials.

* For a very good located in high-precision temperature environment within the machine, the machine is more emphasis on accuracy, and to achieve ultra-high precision and the means to ensure the use of more expensive high temperature environmental requirements (eg requirements to ensure that 0.5 degrees) and as small as possible unit expansion. Therefore, the choice of materials should be in a lower expansion coefficient / thermal conductivity than the material of the premise, more focused on the thermal expansion coefficient (better materials such as granite, ceramic).

(2) motion characteristics:

Continue to improve its efficiency is one of the most modern manufacturing salient features, and measurement systems are widely used on the shop floor, the manufacturing processes required to provide a faster real-time measurement feedback, therefore, the movement of the performance measurement system not only by providing more stable and smooth movement characteristics to enhance the measurement accuracy and repeatability, while providing higher measurement speed and efficiency. Motion characteristics of the measurement system is a need to focus on accuracy than the other indicators.

* The compensation technique is widely used after the coordinate measuring machine, rigidity has been the reference material properties are not the most important indicator, because the material of the static deformation and low-speed / acceleration compensation in case of deformation has become the mainstream standard coordinate measuring machine manufacturers means. The rigidity of the most complex - and the machine from the deformation of a high speed / acceleration run-time deformation and motion control error (by the machine, transmission, motion control system and other position loop). This case the weight of moving parts (reflected in the density of the material properties) is extremely important, its impact on the accuracy of the system but the series is not a simple multiple of the relationship.

* For general-purpose measuring machine, the user maximize the benefits of design ideas under the guidance of the machine need to ensure high accuracy, while the pursuit of greater efficiency. Therefore, the choice of materials should be at a higher stiffness / density ratio of the premise, more focused light on the material density, and by optimizing the structural design to reduce the quality of the moving parts. In this case, the advantages of aluminum and more clearly reflected. This is why the same accuracy of the machine, some companies can be more efficient to run the machine, other companies can only slow measurements. Inefficient means to invest more funds to purchase equipment and pay more measured labor and resources to take a longer time.

For high-precision measuring machine (less than 1 micron precision), the machine is more emphasis on accuracy more than speed. Therefore, material selection is often at a higher stiffness / density ratio of the premise, focus more on the rigidity of the material itself, or by increasing the size of materials to improve the overall rigidity. Both are effective methods used in the industry.

Undo edits

3 process and flexibility:

With the coordinate measuring machine of the growing demand, requires measuring machine manufacturing and production from the original production model into a single more efficient mass production, product quality and thus more stable, more efficient manufacturing, for customers provide a better cost-effective measurement products. In this context, the main components of the material measuring machine manufacturing process of a measuring machine manufacturers need to consider key indicators.

 

Second, how to choose the measuring machine materials:

More comprehensive analysis of the measuring machine in the main materials used (aluminum, ceramic, granite, steel) in the temperature characteristics, dynamic characteristics and process characteristics of the area on the basis of the relevant parameters, taking into account the measuring machine used in manufacturing today characteristics, use of the environment, accuracy and efficiency requirements, we can see:

1 Universal and workshop-type measuring machine:

Such a high precision measuring machine to ensure the case, the measurement of efficiency for a higher, in their work environment in general. In general, the aluminum measuring machine is ideal design of such materials.

Specifically as follows:

1.1 In the case of ambient temperature changes, due to large temperature changes outside, in both the coefficient of expansion / thermal conductivity than in the case, we need a better thermal conductivity of the material, in this regard, aluminum is the best material.

1.2 ensure that the material stiffness / density ratio at the same time, aluminum density, to ensure accuracy in the case of help to improve the dynamic performance measuring machine, to improve measurement efficiency. In particular aluminum alloy beam together with high precision triangular design, to fully tap the aluminum alloy material excellent properties of this ideal, is a measure of machine design classics.

1.3 aluminum alloy material consistency is easy to implement, such as Global is the aluminum frame, this has the advantage of the temperature changes, the deformation of various parts of the same, easy to compensate. Otherwise, if the machine beams, Z-axis carriage and use of different materials, the amount of expansion when the temperature difference, leading to swelling deformation of the machine twist, this deformation is nonlinear, it is difficult to solve by temperature compensation.